The Joint Commission
<----back to types of eating disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

A serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, excessive weight loss and loss of menstruation due to low body-fat content.

Symptoms

  • Resistance to maintain body weight at a minimally normal weight for age and height.
  • Intense fear of weight gain or being "fat," even though underweight.
  • Distorted body image; denial of low body weight; and an unusual emphasis on body weight, shape or size.
  • Loss of menstruation in girls and women post-puberty.

warning Signs of Anorexia Nervosa

  • Dramatic weight loss.
  • Preoccupation with weight, food, calories and dieting.
  • Refusal to eat certain foods, progressing to restrictions against whole categories of food, such as no carbohydrates and/or fat grams.
  • Frequent comments about feeling "fat" or overweight despite weight loss.
  • Anxiety about gaining weight or being "fat."
  • Denial of hunger.
  • Development of food rituals, such as eating foods in certain orders, excessive chewing or obsessively rearranging food on a plate.
  • Avoidance of mealtimes or situations involving food.
  • Excessive, rigid exercise regimen – despite weather, fatigue, illness or injury to burn calories.
  • Withdrawal from friends and activities.
  • Weight loss, dieting and control of food seem of primary concern.

Health Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa

  • Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart failure.
  • Bone density loss, which results in dry, brittle bones and eventually osteoporosis.
  • Muscle loss and weakness.
  • Severe dehydration, which can result in kidney failure.
  • Fainting, fatigue and overall weakness.
  • Dry hair and skin, hair loss.
  • Growth of a downy layer of hair (lanugo) all over the body, including the face, in an effort to keep the body warm.

About Anorexia Nervosa

  • Typically appears in early to mid-adolescence.
  • One of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in young women.
  • Approximately 90-95 percent of sufferers are girls and women.
  • Up to 1 percent of American women suffer from it.
  • Has the highest death rate of any mental health condition.
  • Five to 10 percent of sufferers die within 10 years after contracting the disease; 18-20 percent will be dead after 20 years; and 30-40 percent fully recover.

Description adapted from the